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篇一:[illness可数吗]高一英语下册知识点精讲
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Unit13 Healthy eating
· 英语小窍门 ·
句型与句子结构(句型层次表)
第一层 第二层 例句
简单句 主 谓 I am coming.
主 谓 宾 I like cats.
主 谓 宾 宾 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you.
主 谓 宾 补 I seldom see him do morning exercises.
主 谓 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall.
并列句 主谓 + 主谓 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer.
复合句 主语从句 名词性从句 What he told me yesterday is true.
宾语从句 I know that he is an American.
表语从句 This is how he broke the door.
同位语从句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted.
定语从句 This is the room where he was born.
状语从句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years.
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. stomach n. 肚子，胃，复数为stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache构成短语有：
have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼
lie on one"s stomach 俯卧
have the stomach for… 对……有兴趣
turn one"s stomach 使……恶心
on an empty/a full stomach 空着肚子/吃饱
2. bar n.
(1)条状物；棒
a bar of soap 一条肥皂 a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力 a bar of gold一根金条
(2)酒吧 a coffee bar
(3)固定短语：behind bars 在狱中
3. diet n.
(1)正常饮食 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品
(2)饮食限制 go on a diet=be on a diet 节食, 节食
No sugar in my coffee; I"m dieting.
4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 严重的肝病
diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病态的植物
辨析：illness, disease
illness：很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。
disease: 指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。
e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.几个孩子因生病没上学。
He has a rare heart disease.他得了一种罕见的心脏病。
5. probably 与 possibly比较
(1)probably 极有可能, 有几分根据的猜测; 比possibly所指的可能性大些。
e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably win.他工作努力，人也聪明；很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能取胜。
(2)possibly 可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably小，经常与情态动词can 或may 连用。
e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation.
她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。
6. promise v. &n. 允诺；答应
动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that 从句
(1)They promised an immediate reply. 他们答应立刻回复。
(2)He promised me to be here at six o"clock.=He promised me that he would be here at six o"clock.. 他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。
(3)I promised you not to say that. 我答应你不说那件事。
(4)It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午有望转暖。
(5)He is a promising boy. 他是一个有前途的男孩。
名词用法：
make a promise 许下诺言 give a promise 许下诺言
keep a promise 信守诺言 carry out a promise 履行诺言
break a promise违背诺言
7. brain n.
(1)用作不可数名词，大脑
The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。
(2)用作可数名词brains，智力，头脑
She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她很聪明。
8. advise, suggest用法
(1)advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事。
advise that…(should) + 动词原形
I advise you to leave now. 我建议你现在就离开。
I advise waiting till the proper time. 我建议等到适当时机(才行动)。
We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我们建议立即采取措施。
(2)suggest建议，其句型为
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest one"s doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建议某人去做某事
suggest that…(should) + 动词原形
We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible.
我们建议那座旧博物馆应该尽早重修。
9．diet与food的区别：
diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。
food指能吃喝的具有营养的东西。例如：
The doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。
I like a simple diet best.我最喜欢粗茶淡饭。
We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我们必须有食物吃，有衣服穿。
The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.
这个病人不可不吃东西，但要吃不含糖的饮食。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1. plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可数名词又可修不可数名词，只用于陈述句，
在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many 或much。
注意：plenty of前面没有冠词a, 不可误记成a plenty of。
Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. We have plenty of chairs here.
in plenty 充足地
There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food.
2．be careful用法归纳
(1)be careful 单独使用，当心
Be careful！The pan is hot! 当心！锅很热。
(2)be careful about…对……谨慎
I hope you"ll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你将来对所说事谨慎。
(3)be careful of…留神……
We have to be careful of what they are doing.我们得留神他们做的什么。
(4)be careful with…注意……
You must be more careful with your work.你们需注意你们的工作。
有时be careful表示吝啬。
He"s too careful with his money; he never buys a drink for anyone.
他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。
(5)be careful not to do sth. 小心不要做……
We want to be careful not to break anything.我们要小心不要打破任何东西。
(6)be careful+从句 加以小心
Be careful what you do. 小心你做的一切。
3．keep up with 跟上（防止落后）
keep up with the class 跟上班级（不掉队）
keep up with the development of society 适应社会的发展
keep up with the going on 跟上时尚
注意：catch up with （已经落后）赶上
4．Be +adj +to短语
(1)be harmful to…对……有害
be +adj. +to sb. /sth. 指对某人或某物有……影响或态度如何。
be good to…=be kind to…对……态度好
be friendly to…对……友好
be cruel to…对……凶残
be bad to…对……态度不好
be polite/impolite to…对……有礼貌/无礼貌
be rude to…对……粗鲁
5．cut短语总结：
(1)cut into…把……切成
Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.
蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。
(2)cut up 切碎
Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。
(3)cut down 砍倒；削减
If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐树木，就会毁坏土地。
I have decided to cut down my smoking. 我决定戒烟。
(4)cut off 切断，停掉
Our water supply has been cut off again. 我们的供水再次中断。
6．Short短语
(1)be short of 缺少
I"m short of money this week, can you lend me some？这星期我缺钱，你能借我一点?
(2)run short 几乎用光
We"ve run short of oil. 我们已经用光油了。
The supply of oil is running short. 供应的油快要用光了。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1．It was a bit green. 它还有点生。
1)句中的green意为"没有成熟的"，是ripe的反义词。例如：
We don t like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green to pick.
2)a bit作程度副词，与a little同义。例如：
I m a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower?
3)但是，not a bit＝ not at all,而not a little＝very/ much. 例如：
I m not a bit tired. 我一点不累 I m not a little tired.我很累。
2．While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在学校上课或步行回家时，你体内每小时消耗100卡。
1)burn up意为"烧掉"、"烧毁"，在本句中意为"消耗掉"。例如：
He burned up all the old letters. 他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了。
The house burned up before they got there.他们到达那儿之前，房子已烧毁了。
2)up与一些动词构成短语时，有"完结"、"终结"的意思。如eat up 吃光，drink up喝光， tear up 撕碎，use up 用完，lock up锁好。
3. Eating habits become part of who we are.饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分。
who we are 为介词of 的宾语从句。
eating habits 为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实part of… ……的一部分
Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大楼的一部分被火烧毁了。
a part of 指不足一半，意为"一小部分"。
We spent a part of our holiday in France.我们的一部分假期是在法国度过的。
4．The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人都少。
1)the Chinese 指（全体）中国人。以－ese结尾的表示国籍的词与定冠词连用时，表示整个国家的人。例如：the Japanese(全体)日本人，the Vietnamese(全体)越南人。但指该国单个的人时，则是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese.
5．They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他们吃蛋糕、软饮料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。
1)in the form of 意为"以……的形式"。例如：He made the suggestion in the form of a question. 他以提问题的形式提出建议。
He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用写信来表达自己的感情。
He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日记的形式写了一本小说。
6．In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left! 在英国有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齿就都脱光了！
1)one person in ten 是"十个中有一个"的意思，也可说成one person out of ten。
例如：One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./
2)by the age of意"……岁之前""到……岁时"，at the age of 意"在……岁时
She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十岁之前，他就学会弹钢琴。
He died at the age of 90.他九十岁去世。
7．Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.开张后的头几天，许多人到那家餐馆去吃饭。
1)score作"二十"解，和数字连用时，不可加s，如a score of eggs(20个蛋)，four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但scores of则为固定词组，意为"许多"。例如：A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席会议。
I have been there scores of times.我到那儿去过多次了。
2)first后面跟复数名词时，意为"头几个"、"头一批"。例如：
For the first few weeks, they didn t talk to each other.头几个星期，他们彼此不曾讲过话。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批发现美洲的人之一。
· 语法精讲 ·
情态动词had better, should及 ought to的用法
(1)had better 最好
①加动词原形
You"d better get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿。
I"d better not disturb him. 我最好不打扰他了。
②后接be doing sth. 表示最好立即做某事
I think I"d better be going.我想我最好立刻走。
③祈使句中had省略
Better not wait for them. 最好不等他们。
④反义疑问句用had
You"d better put away your socks, hadn"t you? 你最好把你袜子收拾好，难道不行吗？
You had better not follow her, had you？你最好不要跟她，不是吗？
(2)should 与ought to 应该
①ought to 的口气比should 稍重一些，更侧重于某件事责任、义务上该做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子两个词不宜换用：
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他的父亲，就应该照顾他。
We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.
我们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中。
②ought to 的句式变化
否定句：You ought not =(oughtn"t) to write so carelessly.你不该写得这样粗心。
疑问句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我们该给他机会试一试?
③与完成时连用
should/ought to have done sth.本应该做……(而实际没做)
We ought to have finished our homework on time.我们本应该按时完成作业。
shouldn"t/oughtn"t to have done sth.本不应该做……(而实际做了)
They oughtn"t to have come back so late.他们本不该回来这样晚。
· 同步练习 ·
1．Four______ of students took part in the sports meeting.
A .hundred B .hurdreds C .score D .scores
2．He made the suggestion ________ the form of a question.
A .with B .by C .on D .in
3．--Your English is very good.--__________
A .Thank you. I m glad you think so. B .No, my English is very poor.
C .Is that true? D .Don t you think so?
4．Our home is always _______ love and understanding.
A .rich for B .rich in C .high with D .high by
5．I hope you ll forget all the unhappiness I have _____you.
A .caused B .given C .offered D .handed
6．--Why don t we go and play football? --___________.
A .Yes, I think so B.I can play football
C .It s a good game D .That s a good idea
7．What is the matter_______ the tape－recorder?
A .about B .for C .from D .with
8．You_____ better________the thing to be done.
A .had; not to cause B .had; not cause
C .hadn t; cause D .hadn t; causing
9．The doctor advises that the patient_______more exercise.
A .take B .takes C .will take D .to take
10．Do about nine children_____ ten like eating sweets?
A .from B .in C .among D .between
11．She was too excited to fall______last night.
A .sleep B .asleep C .sleepy D .sleeping
12．--I m not feeling well. --I m not_____. I advise you_______.
A .surprising; to lose weight B .surprised; will lose weight
C .surprised; to lose weight D .surprising; losing weight
13．In winter we see water fall______of snow.
A .instead B .in the form C .in front D .in drops
14．He was lucky enough not to be hurt______ in the accident.
A .a bit B .a little C .any D .very
15．The reason_____he is absent from school is _____ he was badly hurt while riding.
A .that; why B .why; that C .why; because D .which; as
参考答案 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B
9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B
· 课外阅读 ·
The Wolf and the Lamb
WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf"s right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother"s milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won"t remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations."
The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.
狼与小羊
一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道："我父亲去年被 你骂过。"小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说："不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放
过 你。"
这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。
The Bat and the Weasels
A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped.
It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.
蝙蝠与黄鼠狼
蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨 鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼 住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。
这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。
Unit14 Festivals
· 英语小窍门 ·
十二条经典英语谚语
1. Pain past is pleasure. (过去的痛苦就是快乐。)
2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (脑中有知识，胜过手有金钱。)
3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成。)
4. All things are difficult before they are easy. (凡事必先难后易。)
5. Great hopes make great man. (伟大的理想造就伟大的人。)
6. God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者。)
7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more. (四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀：多一点点！) [比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂，多一点点就能创造奇迹！]
8. In doing we learn. (实践长才干。)
9. East or west, home is best. (东好西好，还是家里最好。)
10. Two heads are better than one. (三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。)
11. Good company on the road is the shortest cut. (行路有良伴就是捷径。)
12. Constant dropping wears the stone. (滴水穿石)
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. hono(u)r vt.
(1)尊敬
e. g. Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子应该尊敬父母。
(2)对……表示敬意
e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鲜花摆放在那里为了纪念他
(3)使感到荣幸
e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我们在一起这是我们的荣幸。
I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸。
honour n.
(1)荣誉，光荣(不可数名词)
e. g. They fight for the honour of their country. 他们为祖国的荣誉而战。
(2)(高尚)人格，信誉(不可数名词)
A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way.
一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱。
(3)尊敬，敬重(不可数)
e. g. One must show honour to one"s parents. 一个人必须尊敬父母。
(4)使感到光荣的人或事，荣幸(可数，多作单数)
e. g. It"s an honour to meet you. 见到你十分荣幸。
比较：in honour of 为了(纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动)
e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 这只是纪念她生日的一个舞会。
A memorial meeting was held in his honour. 为了纪念他而举行纪念会。
have the honour (of)有幸……, 荣幸地
e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner？我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗？
2. determine vt.
(1)决定
e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine.
他还没决定好未来，但他可能学医。
Can we now determine the date for our party? 我们现在能决定派对的日期吗？
(2)决心，决意，决定(作某事)，(用过去分词)决心，下定决心
determine+不定式to do
e. g. She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决心就在那个下午走。
determine+从句
He had been determined that no one should know.他决意不让任何人知道。
determined 过去分词作定语或表语，果断，坚定，坚决
e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing.
他的声音很坚决，他的眼睛闪闪发亮。
determination n.
(1)决心(不可数)
e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他决心呆一周。
(2)决定(不可数，间或加不定冠词)
e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩决定逃学。
self-determination n. 自主，自我决定
3. purpose n. 目的，意图，目标
e. g. What is your purpose in doing this? 你做这件事的目的是什么？
比较：for…purpose为了……目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意
e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you.
如果我今后去那儿的话，就是为了见你。
I"ve come on purpose to speak to you. 我来是特意要与你谈谈。
She did it on purpose. 她是故意那样做。
4. reminder n. 提醒的人(物)，暗示
e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.请下午提醒我给他打电话。
remind v. 使……想起，提醒
(1)+ of短语 e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had.
你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历。
(2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that letter. 请提醒我写信。
(3)+从句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
看见时钟使我想起我迟到了。
5.compare v.
(1)compare … with…比较，指同类事物的具体比较
e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities.
比较这两种语言，可以发现它们有同有异。
Parents like to compare their own children with other children.
父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较。
(2) compare … to … 比作， 指非同类事物的抽象比较
e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。
People often compare girls to flowers. 人们经常把女孩子比作花朵。
(3) compared to/ with…与……比起来，常在句中作状语，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。
It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now.
和现在比起来，那时它还是个小地方。
6. 表示穿着的动词
(1)put on 表示穿上的动作
e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。
(2) wear表示穿着状态，意义最广，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手表、徽章、首饰，还可表示头发、胡须的式样，带有某种表情或样子。
e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的人。
(3) dress既可表示动作也可表示状态，作及物动词时，后面宾语是人，即dress sb. / oneself (in sth. )或be dressed in sth.
e. g. She dressed the baby in red. 她给孩子穿上了红色的衣服。
(4) have on表示穿着状态，无进行时。
e. g. She had a red dress on. 她穿了一件红裙子。
(5)be in sth. 表示状态
e. g. He"s in plain clothes. 他身着便装。
What colour is your child in? 你的孩子穿着什么颜色的衣服？
7. light的用法
(1)adj. 明亮的(=bright)，浅色的(=pale)
e. g. His room is light and airy. 他的房间又亮又通风。
It gets light at about six o"clock. 六点左右天亮。
She has a light green dress. 她有一条淡绿色的裙子。
(2)n.①光线，亮光(不可数)，但如表示一种光线时，尤其是被形容词修饰时，前可加不定冠词。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.试管里发出微弱的蓝光。
②灯，灯光，发光物，引火物(可数)
e. g. There were no lights on in any office room. 没有一个办公室里有灯光。
(3) v. (light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted)
①点燃(生炉子)e. g. When it was dark we lit the candles. 天黑时我们点上了蜡烛。
②照亮e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity. 街道被灯光照亮。
③(使)变得亮起来，开朗起来
e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.当她看清是谁时，她的脸亮了起来。
Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face. 突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来。
(4)light up动词短语
①照亮，点亮e. g. The burning building lit up the whole street.燃烧的建筑物照亮了整条街道。
②(使)容光焕发，春风满面 (指人的面部表情)
e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.当她听到好消息时，脸上露出喜色。
注意：light的过去分词有两种: lighted, lit当作定语修饰名词时，用lighted。
e. g. a lighted candle 一支点着的蜡烛。
8 .common用法及common, usual, ordinary, general区别
(1)common
①共同的，共有的e. g. English is their common language. 英语是他们的共同语言。
②普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commoner than that. 没有比此更普通的。
③常见的，到处可见的e. g. Is this word in common use? 这个字常用吗？
④ in common (with sb. )共同的e. g. We have many things in common. 我们有许多共同之处。
(2) common, general, ordinary, usual区别
common侧重"普通"，表示"时时发生，人所共有"，并含有"并不高贵，地位低下"之意，指符合或具有全体共有的特征，其反义词为rare。
e. g. a common saying 俗语 a common wish 一个共同的愿望
common sense 常识common knowledge 普通知识
This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English.
这是个初学英语的人易犯的错误。
general 侧重"普遍"，表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注，不含有"地位低下"之意，其反义词为specific。e. g. general readers 一般读者a general idea 一个普通的观点
ordinary与common基本同义，侧重"外表平凡的，普通的"，表示"随时可以碰到，不值得惊奇"，其反义词为superior。
e. g. an ordinary event一件极平常的事an ordinary person一个普通的人
My teacher is an ordinary-looking man.我的老师是个相貌平常的人。
usual用来指事物，强调习惯性，一贯如此，意为"通常的，惯常的", 含有"随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生"之意，其反义词为unusual。
e. g. as usual和往常一样 It"s a usual thing with him. 这对他来说是平常事。
9. believe与believe in
believe相信 = think …true, 后接表示人或事物的名词或代词，也可接what/ that从句
e. g. I believe you. = I believe what you said. 我相信你说的话。
I could hardly believe my ears/eyes.我简直不敢相信我所听到的/看到的。
比较：believe sb. 相信某人所说的话
believe in sb. 信任某人，指人的品格、作风、为人等方面的情况。
e. g. We usually believe in him, but this doesn"t mean we always believe him.
我们通常是信任他的，但这并不意味着我们总是相信他的话。
10. gather与collect区别
gather作"收集""聚集"讲时用法广泛，可指把人集中起来，也可指把分散的东西或抽象的东西(如信息、力量)聚集起来。
collect作"收集""采集"讲时，着重于计划性和选择性的含义。
e. g. Up to now, he has collected 500 foreign stamps.至今为止，他已收集了五百张外国邮票。
Gather round, and I"ll tell you a story. 大家围过来，我给你们讲个故事。
When the accident happened, a lot of people quickly gathered round.
事故发生后，很快周围聚集了很多人。
How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins?
你用了多长时间才收集到这些古代硬币？
注意：gather一般不与together连用，因其自身就是bring together / come together之意。
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重点归纳Topic 1 What’s your favorite sport?重点词语:1. almost(反义词)never 2.win(过去式)won(名词)winner 3.ski(现在分词)skiing 4.famous(比较级)more famous5.arrive(同义词)reach 6.leave(过去式))left 7.popular(最高级)most popular 8.healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health(1) 词组1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期间2. between…and… 在两者之间3. cheer sb. on 为某人加油4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事5. quite a bit/a lot 很多6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事7. have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足9. arrive in 到达10. play against… 与……对抗/较量11. for long 很久12. leave for… 动身去…13. the day after tomorrow 后天14. places of interest 名15. 胜16. play baseball 打棒球17. at least 至少18. be good at 善于做某事19. take part in 参加20. all over the world 全世界21. be good for 对……有益22. a good way 一种好方法23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康24. relax oneself 放松某人自己重点句型25. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么?26. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? 你更喜欢什么运动?I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.27. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?28. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.29. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping. 她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.30. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动?重点语言点31. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行.如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画.I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路. [类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.]32. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动”如: Will you join us? I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.33. arrive in + 大地点arrive at + 小地点get to + 地点 = reach + 地点如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home34. leave… 离开……leave for… 动身去…/离开到…如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本.35. a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名36. 词a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词如: There are a few eggs in the basket.There is a little water in the bottle.37. how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?7.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事 如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.8.make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.重点语法 一般将来时：（一）be going to 结构: ①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 如：I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. 她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。如：Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。如：a. ----Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。----I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。b. ----Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？----I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Don’t worry. I’ll help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。如： I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。表示许诺。如： I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.（三）动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.如： I’m coming. 我就来。He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。Topic 2 Would you mind saying sorry to Michael?一、重点词语:词形转换：(1) adj. + ly → adv.loud → loudly soft → softly quiet → quietlyclear → clearly angry → angrily easy → easily(2)过去式：fall → fell break → broke lose →lost throw → threw feel → felt (3) 1.ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness 2.start(同义词)begin 3.far(反义词)near 4.smoke(现在分词)smoking 5.careless(反义词)careful 6.important(比较级) more important 7.Russia(公民)Russian 8.enjoy(现在分词)enjoying 9.invent(名词)invention;inventor 10.indoor(反义词)outdoor 11.century(复数)centuries 12.coach(复数)coaches 13.feel (名词)feeling 14.tiring(近义词)tired(二) 词组:have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛fall ill 病倒了be a little far from… 离……有点远 right away = at once 立刻;马上miss a good chance 错过一个好机会get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻do one’s best 尽某人的力say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉be sure to do sth. 确定做某事be angry with… 生某人的气with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下serve food 上菜turn up/down… 调高/低（音量）keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事in a minute 一分钟后；马上on the phone 在电话中take a seat 就坐never mind 不要紧a lot of traveling 一系列旅行love/enjoy doing sth. 喜爱/欢做某事have a very exciting life 过着非常兴奋的生活as well 也throw…into… 把……投进……follow/obey the rules 遵守规则over a century later 一个多世纪后more and more people 越来越多的人feel tired 感到疲劳instead of… 替代…… ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划build up 增进;增强go right 正常运转do the homework 做作业二.重点句型Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand?你能帮我吗？ Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you.让我为你买一个新的。He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。三. 重点语言点ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?”如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一……”, 主语是one,表单数.如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。4. miss “错过,思念,遗失”如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲. My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事”如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.我们确信下次一定会赢。be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉.I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。7．tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的8.15-year-old “15岁的”15 years old “15岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles9. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.instead of…“替代……;而不……,相反”如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京.= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。四、交际用语(2) 请求和回答
Requests Responses Could you please do me a favor? Sure. What is it? Will you join us? I’d be glad to. Would you mind teaching me? Not at all. Let’s go and practice. （二）道歉和回答
Apologies Responses I’m sorry I didn’t call you last night. Never mind.I guess you were busy last night. I’m sorry I’m late for class. That’s OK. Please take a seat. I’m sorry I lost your book. It doesn’t matter. That book isn’t important to me. I’m sorry I broke your pen. Don’t worry. I have another pen. Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.一、重点词组:join the English club 加入英语俱乐部host the 2008 Olympics 举办2008年奥运会fill out 填出/好go on 发生；进行all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方quite a lot 相当多make friends with… 与……交朋友be afraid 恐怕be free 有空see you then 再见win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌get 28 gold medals 获得28枚金牌the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者every four years 每四年;每隔三年the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物behave well 举止得体improve the environment 改善环境plant trees and grass 种植花草树木a symbol of … 一种……的象征stand for 代表the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分do morning exercises 做早操be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事二、重点句型1.Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗?= What’s your name?2.What do you do? = What’s your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?3. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now. 现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.4.Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助.5.Please fill it out. 请把它填好.6.What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend?本周末的天气怎样?7..There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路.三. 重点语言点fill out + 名词 “填好……”fill + 名词/代词+out如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格.Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好.be afraid… “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.be afraid of… “害怕(做)……”如: I’m afraid I won’t be free. 我恐怕没有空.He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗.They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.may be “可能是……” may是情态动词 + bemaybe “或许; 可能” maybe是副词如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师.He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.between 在两者之间among 在三者或三者当中如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间.The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.5. There be 句型的一般将来时正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.误:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.四、交际用语提建议的句型:Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗?What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样?Why don’t you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?呢?Let’s go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧!Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗?Would you please go hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足好吗?Shall we go hiking? 我们一起去远足好吗? (shall在疑问句中与I 和we连用,表示提出或征求意见. 意思为 “……好吗?/ 要不要……?)Unit 2 Keeping Healthy Topic 1 How are you feeling today?一、重点词组:have a (bad/terrible) cold 患（重）感冒have a toothache/backache/headache/stomachache 牙痛/背痛/头痛/胃痛see a dentist/doctor 看牙医/医生have a cough/fever 患咳嗽/发高烧have the flu 得了流感have sore eyes 眼睛发炎have a sore throat 喉咙发炎take/have a (good) rest （好好）休息sleep well 睡得好drink a lot of boiled water 多喝开水lift heavy things 提重物stay in bed 呆在床上have a good sleep 好好睡一觉feel terrible 感到难受take sb. to… 带某人去……take some medicine/ pills 吃药day and night 日日夜夜bad luck 倒霉lie down 躺下hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶brush one’s teeth 刷牙have an accident 出了事故/意外send sb. to…. 送某人去……take/ have a look at… 看一看……not…until… 直到……才…..get well 恢复健康plenty of… 充足;大量take off your coat 脱掉你的大衣二、重点句型You should see a dentist. 你应该看牙医。You shouldn’t lift heavy things. 你不应该提重物。You look pale. 你看起来气色不好,很苍白.You’d better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生.You’d better not go to school today. 今天你最好不要去上学.Thank you for your flowers and fruit. 谢谢你送来的鲜花和水果.I couldn’t read them until today. 直到今天我才读了他们.三. 重点语言点身体某个部位 + ache，表身体某处疼痛。如: headache 头痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛medicine “药” 为不可数名词pill “药片” 为可数名词如: take some medicine 吃些药 take some cold pills 吃些感冒药with “含有…” without “没有”hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶 mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。until “直到……为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词not …until…. “直到……才…” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词如: He will wait for his father until ten o’clock. 他将等他父亲一直到10点为止.He won’t leave until his father comes . 直到他父亲来他才离开.both…and…. “……和……(两者)都”; 当主语时,谓语动词用复数.如: I know both Jim and Tom. 吉姆和汤姆俩人我都认识.Both Jim and I are 16 years old. 我和吉姆都是16岁. plenty of… “充足;大量” 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句,相当于a lot of…/ lots of… many “许多”, 修饰可数名词much “许多”, 修饰不可数名词如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应该喝大量的开水.You shouldn’t drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水.I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水.四、交际用语(一)询问病情What’s wrong/the matter/ the trouble with you ? 有什么不舒服?How are you feeling now? 你现在感觉怎么样?Do you have a cold? 你得了感冒了吗?(二)诉说病情1. I feel terrible./ I am feeling terrible. 我感到难受.2. I have a headache/stomachache/…. 我头痛/肚子痛…..3. I can’t sleep well at night. 我晚上睡不4. 好觉.5. I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜地咳嗽.6. But my left leg hurts when I move it. 但是当我移动时,我的左腿疼.(3) 表示同(4) 情1. I’m sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到难过.2. That’s too bad. 那太糟了.3. Bad luck. 倒霉.(5) 表达建议1. You’d better (not) do sth 最好(不2. )做某事.3. You should/shouldn’t do sth 你(不4. ) 应该做某事.5. Shall I take you to the hospital? 我带你去医院好吗?Topic 2 Is it good for your health?一、重点词组:look tired 看起来很累watch a soccer game on TV 在电视上观看一场足球赛 stay up 熬夜keep long fingernails 留长指甲wash hands before meals 饭前洗手play sports right after meals 饭后适当运动take a fresh breath 呼吸新鲜空气be necessary for… 对于……来说是必不可少的keep you active 使你保持精力旺盛in the daytime 在白天throw litter about 乱扔垃圾get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠exercise on an empty stomach 空腹锻炼= without eating anythingneed to do sth 需要做某事get into 进入become sick 生病fight germs 抗击病菌keep the air clean and fresh 保持空气清新eat bad food 吃变质食物sweep the floors 打扫地板as we know 众所周知have the right kinds of food 吃正确种类的（健康的）食品choose the wrong food 选择错误的（不健康的）食品in different ways 用不同的方法make us sick 使我们生病二、重点句型I see. Staying up late is bad for your health. 我明白了. 熬夜有害你的健康.(动名词短语做主语)2. How did Wang Jun get a headache? 王俊怎样患上头痛的？Is going to bed early good or bad for your health? It’s good.早点睡觉对你的健康有益还是有害? 有益. (选择问句要根据事实回答)Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health.散步是很好的锻炼,是身体健康必不可少.It will keep you active in the daytime. 它(早睡早起)将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力.You must not throw litter about. = Don’t throw litter about. 不要乱扔垃圾.We may have more than one headache each month. 每月我们可能会不止一次头疼.You may get a headache when you can’t get enough sleep.当你睡眠不足时,可能会头疼.What does it mean when you have a headache? 头痛对你来说意味着什么?The boy becomes sick. 那个男孩生病了.As we know, food gives us enery. 众所周知,食物给我们提供能量.If we eat too little or too much food, or if we choose the wrong food, it can make us sick.如果我们吃得太少或太多, 或者食物的选择不当会生病的.三. 重点语言点1. be good for… 对……有益 be bad for… 对……有害如: Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益.Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.disease 通常指具体的病, 表 “特定的疾病、病名”illness 通常指生病的状态或表抽象的疾病如： Germs can cause diseases. 细菌会引发疾病。SARS is a serious disease. 非典是一种严重的疾病。Don’t worry about his illness. 别担心他的病。exercise 表 “锻炼/运动”时, 为不可数名词; 表 “练习”或有定语修饰时, 为可数名词.如: He often takes/does exercise in the morning. 他经常上午锻炼.Please do the exercises at once.请马上做这些练习.He does morning exercises every day. 他每天做早操. Walking is good exercise. 散步是很好的锻炼.enough adj. “足够的” 修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作.There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物.adv. “足够地” 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面.如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果.He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚.need “需要, 必需”1 作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助.You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生.He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车.2 作情态动词: need + 动词原形如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了.You needn’t finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作. 6． too much + 不可数名词 表“太多的。。。”much too + 形容词 表“太。。。”，much 起加强语气作用如：Don’t eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了。 四.重点语法情态动词: ①must “必须, 一定” 如: We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习.mustn’t “不可以” 如: You mustn’t walk on the lawn. 你不可以在草坪上行走.②should “应该” 如: We should finish it on time. 我们应该按时完成它.shouldn’t “不该” 如: You shouldn’t go to school late. 你不该上学迟到.③had better “最好” 如：You had better go to bed early.你最好早睡。had better not “最好不” 如：You had better not go to bed late.你最好不要迟睡。④may “可以” 如: May I come in? 我可以进来吗?“可能” 如: You may get a headache when you work too hard.当你工作太努力时,你可能会头疼.Topic 3 We should do our best to fight SARS.一、重点词组:talk with 与……交谈hurry up 赶紧/快go ahead = go on 继续（问）spread easily 易传播be afraid of… 害怕……catch SARS 患上非典do one’s best to do sth 尽力做某事fight SARS 抗击非典keep away from animals 远离动物do house cleaning 打扫屋子go to crowded places 去拥挤的地方all the time = always 总是/一直examine the patients 检查病人take a message 捎口信take care of… 照顾……= look after / care fortell/ask sb. to do sth 叫某人做某事call back 回电话leave a message 留口信take an active part in 积极参加care for patients 照顾病人save the patients 挽救病人spend the time 度过时光teach oneself 自学help mother cook 帮助妈妈煮东西on the phone/Internet 在电话中/在互联网上enjoy oneself 过得愉快tell sb. a story / stories 给某人讲故事take some Chinese medicine 吃些中药二、重点句型We don’t have to be afraid of catching SARS. 我们没必要害怕患上非典。Please tell my father to take care of himself. 请告诉我的父亲照顾好他自己。Could you please ask her to call me back? 请叫她给我回电话好吗？He took an active part in the battle against SARS. 他积极参加抗击非典的战斗。He cared for the patients day and night. 他日日夜夜照顾病人。It’s my duty to save the patients. 挽救病人是我的职责。What do you think of Kangkang’s father? 你认为康康的父亲怎么样？Long time no see! 好久不见！You could cook for us next time. 下次你能为我们煮东西了。三、重点语言点talk with sb. 表 “与……交流” , 指 “与人平等地交流、讨论”talk to sb. 表示 “找某人谈话” , 在口语中常 “责备某人”如: Jim’s father is talking with the teacher. 吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈.I will talk to him about his careless. 我要找他谈话,批评他的粗心大意.常用的反身代词词组:take care of oneself = look after oneself 照顾某人自己teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事如: I helped my mother cook at home.= I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家帮我母亲做饭.四、重点语法(一) 情态动词: must 与 have to① must ＂必须;一定”, 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,侧重表达说话者的主观看法.（只有一种时态）如：We must wash hands before meals. 饭前我们必须洗手.We must eat healthy food. 我们必须吃健康的食物. ② have to “不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而＂不得不做某事＂．（可用于各种时态）如：It’s too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了.I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱.*----Must we keep the windows open all the time?----No, we don’t have to. / No, we needn’t. (注意回答时不能用No, we mustn’t.)(二)电话用语:Hello! Could /May I speak to…, please? 你好! 我能跟……通话吗?May I take a message? 我能捎个口信吗?This is Kangkang. 我是康康.Hello! Who’s that? 你好! 你是谁?Review of Units 1---2break the window 打破窗户（玻璃）get lost 丢失；迷路on one’s way (to) 在….的路上take the wrong bus 搭错车one of the most popular sports 最受欢迎的运动之一a group of people 一群人form an international organization 成立一个国际组织put sth in low places 把某物放在低处eat sth by mistake 误吃 put…away 把…收起来
篇三:[illness可数吗]TOEFL词汇经验谈—— 常考名词大全
托福网权威发布TOEFL词汇经验谈—— 常考名词大全，更多TOEFL词汇经验谈—— 常考名词大全相关信息请访问托福考试(TOEFL)网。
1. 常考的不可数名词 furniture luggage clothing equipment poetry jewelry machinery weaponry scenery information knowledge homework evidence foliage advertising health A : 流体 air water B: 颗粒状物体 rice salt C: 抽象名词 information D: 总称名词 poetry machinery E: 疾病不可数 diabetes糖尿病 measles麻疹 F: 自然现象 rain drops G:学科不可数 mathematics economics statistics physics politics mechanics genetics geology geography chemistry philosophy biology history 2.常考的不规则单复数 man/men woman/women tooth/teeth foot/feet goose/geese basis/bases analysis/analyses crisis/crises hypothesis/hypotheses axis/axes alga/algae larva/larvae fungus/fungi stimulus/stimuli datum/data bacterium/bacteria medium/media spectrum/spectra mouse/mice child/children phenomenon/phenomena radius/radii 3.常考的单复数同型的名词 aircraft spacecraft series species means sheep deer bison salmon trout carp 4. 常考的可数名词 discovery cloud mineral metal substance population effort effect animal plant mammal insect tree herb shrub element function feature picture result clue star reason audience device structure human human being system fashion resource source origin pioneer automobile purpose style response number amount variety quantity type kind influence emotion change 5. 即可数又不可数的名词 sugar , cloth , water , detail , paper ,work , light , science ,form , interest , art , area ,color , disease , illness , rock , stone , matter , food , culture ,noise , liquid , solid , gas , climate , film ,material , population , temperature , experience ,speech ,use time , life , action , activity , study rock(砂岩) rocks(块岩) work(工作,作品) works(著作) paper(纸) papers(论文,报告,文件) area(面积) areas(地区,区域) time(时间) times(次数) room(空间) rooms(房间) water(水) waters(水域) collections由同一种物品构成,可数 his three collections of short stories collection 由不同种物品构成,不可数 his art collection ※当一个不可数名词表种类时,可数. 可数/不可数 :①有无数的概念②抽象/具体 adve
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