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第一篇:《三国志魏书高柔传阅读试题答案及翻译(译文)》
高柔字文惠，陈留圉人也。柔从兄干，袁绍甥也。在河北呼柔，柔举宗从之。太祖平袁氏，以柔为管长。县中素闻其名，奸吏数人，皆自引去。柔教曰：“昔邴吉临政，吏尝有非，犹尚容之。况此诸吏，于吾未有失乎!其召复之。”咸还皆自励，咸为佳吏。
柔自归太祖，处法允当。魏国初建，拜丞相理曹掾。宋金等在合肥亡逃。旧法，军征士亡，考竟其妻子。太祖患犹不息，更重其刑。金有母妻及二弟皆给官，主者 奏尽杀之。柔启曰：“士卒亡军，诚在可疾，然窃闻其中时有悔者。愚谓乃宜贷其妻子，一可使贼中不信，二可使诱其还心。正如前科，固已绝其意望，而复重之， 柔恐自今在军之士，见一人亡逃，诛将及已，亦且相随而走，不可复得杀也。此重刑非所以止亡，乃所以益走耳。”太祖曰：“善。”即止不杀金母、弟，蒙活者甚 众。
明帝即位，封柔延寿亭侯。时制，吏遭大丧者，百日后皆给役，有司徒吏解弘遭父丧，后有军事，受敕当行，以疾病为辞。诏怒曰：“汝非曾、闵，何言毁邪?”促收考竟。柔见弘信甚羸劣，奏陈其事，宜加宽贷。帝乃诏曰：“孝哉弘也!其原之。”
初，公孙渊兄晃，为内侍。先渊未反，数陈其变。及渊谋逆，帝不忍市斩，欲就狱杀之。柔上疏曰：“晃及妻子，叛逆之类，诚应枭县，勿使遗育。 而臣窃闻晃先数自归，陈渊祸萌，虽为凶族，原心可恕。臣以为晃信有言，宜贷其死；苟自无言，便当市斩。今进不赦其命，退不彰其罪，闭著囹圄，使自引分，四 方观国，或疑此举也。”帝不听，竟遣使赍金屑饮晃及其妻子。赐以棺、衣，殡敛于宅。
景元四年，年九十薨。
（节选自《三国志·魏书》，有改动）
4. 对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）
A．皆自引去 引退
B．士卒亡军，诚在可疾 痛恨
C．柔见弘信甚羸劣 相信
D．诚应枭县 通“悬”，悬挂，示众
5．以下句子分别编为四组，都属于直接表现高柔“处法允当”的一组是 （3分 ）
①柔举宗从之
②还皆自励，咸为佳吏
③愚谓乃宜贷其妻子
④奏陈其事，宜加宽贷
⑤虽为凶族，原心可恕
⑥赐以棺、衣，殡敛于宅
A．①②③ B．③④⑤ C．④⑤⑥ D．①③⑥
6. 下列对原文有关内容的分析和概述，不正确的一项是（3分）
A．高柔被曹操任命为管县长官后，一些奸邪的官员慑于他的名声都离开了，听到高柔宽容的教令后，又全都回来复职，并全都自勉成了好官。
B．高柔不同意太祖对宋金家属加重刑罚的做法，认为那样会让正在从军的士卒怕自己被杀掉，也跟着一起逃走。太祖听从了他的建议。
C．因为解弘并不是真正的像曾参和闵子骞那样的至孝之人，所以魏明帝催促廷尉要将其逮捕拷打致死，又是高柔了解实情上奏明帝，使解弘得到原谅。
D．公孙晃事前多次向朝廷告发其弟公孙渊谋逆，因此事发后明帝不忍将公孙晃公开处斩，想在狱中悄悄杀掉他，高柔上疏阻止这种不合法规的做法，可惜没有奏效。
7. 把文中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）
(1)此重刑非所以止亡，乃所以益走耳。
(2)帝不听，竟遣使赍金屑饮晃及其妻子。
4 ．C (确实)
5. B （①说高柔跟随袁绍，与“处法允当”无关②说是高柔“处法允当”有些勉强，更主要的不是“直接表现”，是县吏的做法，⑥是明帝的做法 ）
6．C(明帝不是“因为解弘并不是真正的像曾参和闵子骞那样的至孝之人” 才要杀他)
7．(1)这说明重刑不是制止士卒逃亡的办法，却反而是增加士卒逃跑数量的办法了(判断句式、“所以”、 “益”、“走”各1分，文意1分，共5分)
(2)明帝不听从高柔意见，最后派人送金屑给公孙晃和他的妻子儿女，让他们饮下(身亡)。(补出“听”的宾语1 分，“遣”1分，“饮”译出使动1分，“妻子”1分，文意1分,共5分) 译文
高柔字文惠，是陈留郡圉县人。高柔的堂兄高干，是袁绍的外甥。在黄河以北召唤高柔。高柔率领全族的人跟随他。曹操平定袁绍后，任命高柔为管县县长。县里 人平素听说过他的名声，一些奸邪的县吏，全都自动地引退离去。高柔发布教令说：“过去邴吉当政时，县吏曾经有过错，还能够宽容他们，何况这些县吏，对于我 没有过失呢！还是召回他们复职吧！”(那些离去的县吏)全都回来，勉励自己，全都成了好县吏。
高柔自从归附太祖，处理法律事情平允适当，魏国刚建立时，授予官职丞相理曹掾。宋金等人在合肥逃跑。按照旧法，军队出征时，士卒逃亡，要把他的妻子儿女 拷打致死。太祖担心(这样)士卒还是逃亡不止，(想要)再加重刑罚。宋金有母亲、妻子和两个弟弟都在官府中服役，主管这件事的人上奏将他们全部杀掉。高柔 启奏说：“士卒逃离军队，实在是可恨，然而我私下里听说逃跑的士卒中也时常有后悔的，我认为应该宽恕他们的妻子儿女，这样第一可使与敌人不信任他们，第二 可以引诱士卒产生归还之心。按照原来的旧法，本来已经断绝了他们归还的愿望，却再加重旧法，我恐怕从现在起正在从军的士卒，见一人逃亡，(怕)自己将被杀 掉，也将要跟着逃走，(我们)就不能再杀掉他们了。这说明重刑不是制止士卒逃亡的办法，却反而是增加士卒逃跑数量的办法了。”曹操说：“好。”当即停止， 没杀宋金的母亲和弟弟，蒙受(此恩)活下来的人很多。
明帝即位。封高柔为延寿亭侯。按当时的丧制，官吏遭父母之丧事的，一百天后全都充役当差。有个司徒吏名叫解弘，遭父亲之丧，百日后遇到军事行动，受敕命 应当随军行动，他以身体有病为由推辞。明帝下诏发怒说：“你不是像曾参、闵子骞(二人是孔子的学生，都以孝著称)那样极为孝顺的人，怎么能说(因为居丧过 于哀伤)身体损害了呢？”催促将他逮捕拷打致死。高柔见到解弘的确很瘦弱，就上奏陈述这件事，(说)应该加以宽恕，明帝便下诏说：“解弘多么孝顺啊，还是 宽恕了他！”
起初，公孙渊的哥哥公孙晃，担任内侍。在公孙渊还没反叛之前，多次(向朝廷)陈说公孙渊要叛变的事。等到公孙渊反叛，明帝不忍心将公孙晃在街市处斩，想 把他在狱中杀掉。高柔上书曰：“公孙晃及其妻子儿女，是叛逆的宗族，的确应该斩首悬挂示众，不使他留下后代。然而我私下听说公孙晃在公孙渊叛逆之前就已多 次自首，陈述公孙渊正萌发的祸患，他虽然是凶逆的亲族，但根据其原本之心可以宽恕。臣以为公孙晃如果真有揭发公孙渊的言论，就应该恕其死罪，如果没有这样 的言论，就应当公开处斩，现在进不能赦免他的死罪，退不能彰显他的罪行，把他关在监狱之中，让他自杀，这会使四方瞻望国家政治措施的人，有的会对我们这种行为产生怀疑。”明帝不听从高柔劝告，最后派使者送金屑给公孙晃和他的妻子儿女，让他们饮下(身亡)，把棺木、衣服赐给他们，在其家中殡殓。 景元四年，高柔年龄90岁去世。
第二篇:《于休烈传旧唐书阅读答案翻译译文》
于休烈传旧唐书阅读答案翻译译文
于休烈，河南人。于休烈性情纯厚谨慎，机敏聪明。从小好学，善于写文章，考中进士科，多次升官任右补阙、起居郎、集贤殿学士,改任比部员外郎，郎中。杨国忠辅佐朝政，排挤不依附自己的人，于休烈出京任为中部郡太守。
正值安禄山叛乱, 肃宗即位，改任太常少卿，掌管礼仪事务，兼修国史。肃宗从凤翔返回京城，特别注重听取臣下建议，转对于休烈说：“国君的任何举动都要记録下来，这纔是良史。朕有过失，卿是否记下了?”他回答说：“夏禹、商汤检讨自己，他们开国立业也―分盛大。有德之君，不忘纠正过错，臣不胜庆贺。”当时中原凋残，典章几乎散尽，没有史籍可供查寻。于休烈烈上奏说：“《国史》一百零六卷，《开元实録》四十七卷，起居注连同其它綦籍三千六百八十二卷，都保存在兴庆宫史馆。京城被叛贼攻陷以后，全被焚毁。而且《国史》、《宵録》是圣朝大典，修撰多年，如今部没有保存下来"希望交忖御史台审问勘查史馆的有关官员，今府县招致访求。有人另外收存《国史》、《宵録》的，若送到官府，重金购回并从优奖赏。
前任修史官工部侍郎韦述身陷贼中，此时进入东京，至此将他家收藏的《国史》一百一十三卷送到官府。
于休烈不久改任工部侍郎、修国史，献上《五代帝王论》，皇上非常赞赏。宰相李揆自负才能嫉妒贤人，因于休烈修国史与自己同列，嫉妒他，奏请任他为国子祭酒，暂留史馆修撰以此来压制他。于休烈安然自处，亳不介意。
代宗即位，鉴别官员的名望品德，于休烈受到宰相元载称赞,于是被授为右散骑常侍，依旧兼修国史，不久加授礼仪使。升任礼部侍郎。又改检校工部尚书，兼判太常卿事，正式授任工部尚书，多次进封为东海郡公，加授金紫光禄大夫。在朝中共三十多年，历任清贵显职，家中没有一石的积蓄。恭谨俭朴温和仁义，从不将喜怒之情表现脸!而礼贤下上，扶持后进，虽位尊年高，从无倦怠之色。酷好书籍，手不释卷，直到临终。大历七年去世，终年八十一岁。这年春天，于休烈的妻子韦氏去世。皇上因于休烈父子儒行著名，特意下诏追赠韦氏为国夫人，安葬之日赐给仪仗鼓乐。等到听说于休烈去世，追怀悼念了很长时间，褒奖追赠尚书左仆射，赐给助丧用绢一百匹、布五十端，派谒者内常侍吴承倩到他家中宣旨慰问。儒士的荣耀，很少有人能与他相比的。
第三篇:《高中英语阅读理解精题荟萃(附答案、解析、翻译)》
阅读理解
Passage 1
There are stories about two U．S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK．We don‟t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting． The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education．In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing．When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said．If he approved of a paper．he would write“all correct”on it．The problem was that he didn‟t know how to spell．So what he really wrote was“ol korekt”．After a while，he shortened that term to“OK”．
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York．Van Bnren‟s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”．
Passage 1
这里要讲述Andrew Jackson 和Martin Van Buren这2届美国总统的小故事。这2个小故事也许可以解释美语中OK一词的来历。故事的真实性我们不得而知，不过内容却很有意思。
第一个解释来源于总统Andrew Jackson的故事。Andrew Jackson几乎没有受到过什么教育，事实上，他对于日常的读写都有困难。当收到重要文件的时候，在尝试阅读之后，还是让他的助手帮忙解释文件的内容。如果批准一份文件，Andrew Jackson就在上面写“all correct”。麻烦的是，他不知道怎么这2个单词怎么拼写，因此，实际上他在文件上写的是“ol korekt”。过了不久，他又把这2个单词缩写为“OK”。
第二个解释来源于总统Martin Van Buren的家乡的名字——纽约的Kinderhook。为了帮助Van Buren成为总统，他的朋友为此组织了一个社团。他们把这个社团叫做Old Kinderhook Club，社团中支持Van Buren的人都被称为“OK”
31．
A. believes both of the stories B．doesn‟t believe a word of the stories
C．is not sure whether the stories are true D. is telling the stories just for fun
32. According to the passage， A．couldn‟t draw up any documents at all B. didn‟t like to read important papers by himself
C．often had his assistants sign documents for him D .wasn‟t good at reading，writing or spelling
33．According to the first story, the term “OK” A. was approved of by President Jackson B．was the title of some Official documents
C．was first used by President Jackson D．was an old way to spell“all correct’’
34 .According to the second story，the term‘‘OK”
A．was the short way to say‘‘old Kinderhook Club” B．meant the place where President Van Buren was born
C．was the name of Van Buren‟s club D．was used to call Van Buren‟s supporters in the election
35．According to the second story．the term“OK” A．by Van Buren B．in a presidential election
C．to organize the Old Kinderhook Club D．by the members of the‘‘Old Kinderhook Club”
Passage 2
Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and large．Here the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more．Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone France．The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day．As the rush to live out of town continues．rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment．
Passage 2
尽管美国幅员辽阔，而且土地所产出的粮食远远超过现有人口的需求，现今的美国却几乎完全是个都市化的国家。不足十分之一的人口在从事农业和林业，而剩余的大多数人都居住在大大小小的城镇中或者城镇的周围。传统的景象在这里不断发生着变化：小的城镇之间仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城镇还是呈现出大家心目中的乡村的风貌；但是大部分的美国人却不再住在小城镇了。现在半数的人口都在大约30几个大都市地区（包括附近郊区的大型城市）——这种大都市地区的人口都在百万以上，总的都市人口数量远远超过德国和英国，更不用说法国了。城市和乡村的人口统计需要特别对待，因为我们所谓的住在乡村的人们，每天都会开车前往附近的城镇工作。当远离城镇居住的热潮持续的情况下，城镇周围的乡村地区逐渐盖满了房屋。那么说不定什么时候，一块乡村的地区就变成了城市的郊区。不过，典型的美国人还是越来越趋向于居住在大都市而不是小城镇的环境中。
36．If now America has 250 million people．how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry? ( C )
A．About 25 million． B．More than 25 million．
C．Less than 25 million． D. Less than 225 million
37．Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas? ( C )
A．United States． B．Germany． C．France．D．England．
38．What’s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage? (A)
A .Of a large city with its suburbs． B．Of small and large towns．
C．Of urban areas． D．Of rural areas．
39．According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?(B)【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】
A Most small towns become gradually crowded B．Small towns are still similar to each other．
C．As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different． D .Small towns are turning into large cities
40．Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?( C )
A．Because they are the same． B．Because the rush takes place too quickly
C．Because the process is gradual． D．Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan
areas．
Passage 3
If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.
It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war．Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write．For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them．But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa． because they had not learned to write．
Sometimes．of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past．They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past．This we may call ‟remembered history’．Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing．But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful．
Passage 3
当我们被问起准确的说书一年之前的这个时候我们正在做什么，我们可能不得不承认记不得了。但是，如果我们有个册子，上面记录了每天我们做过什么的话，这个问题就不难给出答案了。
对于历史的记录也是如此。许多事情由于没有任何书面的记录而被人遗忘。有时也有人会对于他们国家发生的重要事件进行记录，但是这些记录往往毁于火灾或者战乱。有时也因为那个地方或那个时代的人不会写字，而根本不会有书面记录的存在。譬如说，因为中国4千年前的古人会写字而且给后人留下了很多文献，所以我们对那个时代的中国人十分了解；但是对于甚至2百年前的中非人，由于他们不会写字，而使我们对其几乎一无所知。
当然了，有的时候就算人们不会写字，对于过去的历史也会多少有些了解。也许是从老一辈的那里听说的，或者从一些由重大事件编出的歌曲和舞蹈中了解的——这些传说和歌舞是从很多辈人流传下来的。很多人都喜欢夸耀他们的父辈在过去的丰功伟绩，我们把这个叫做“remembered history”（记忆中的历史）。现在一些记忆中的历史已经变成了文字而保留了下来。由于反复经过口头传送的历史远比书面记录的历史变化大，这种历史不如书面历史那么精确和有价值。但是，在没有书面历史存在的时候，这种口头流传的故事就很有帮助了。
41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?(D )
A．“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable
B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history．
C．A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions．
D．Where there are no written records．there is no history．
42． A．there was nothing worth being written down at that time
B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record
C．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire
D．the people there did not know how to write
43．“Remembered history”．
A．history based on a person‟s imagination
B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth
C .songs and dances about the most important events
D .both B and C
44．“Remembered history” A. it is written down B .no written account is available
C．it proves to be time D．people are interested in it
45 .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we A．kept a written record of every past event B. not burnt their written records in wars
C．told exact stories of the most important happenings D．made more songs and dances
Passage 1
When Mrs．Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna，Austria，people asked the obvious，“Why did she live to be 107?”Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100．Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities．In spite of the city’s image as an unhealthy place，city living often provides benefits that country living can lack．One factor seems to be important to the longevity(长寿)of those interviewed．
This factor is exercise．in the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus．Even taking public transportation often requires some walking．Smaller apartment houses have no elevators(电梯)，and so people must climb stairs．City people can usually walk to local supermarkets Since parking spaces are hard to find，there is often no alternative to walking．
On the other hand，those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day．In fact，the opposite is often true．To go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in cars． Passage 1【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】
在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。
这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往往没有别的选择只有步行。
另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。
Passage 1
在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。尽管城市给我们的印象
一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。
这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往往没有别的选择只有步行。
另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】
31． A．the complaints of people in apartment houses B．the cause of Mrs Groeger‟s death
C．the longevity of people like Mrs．Groeger D. the image of cities in general
32． A．benefits of walking B．occasions for walking in city life
C. comments made by city people D．problems of city living
33．To reach the third floor of a building． A. to take the elevator B．to walk up the stairs C．to ride in a car D．to find an alternative to walking
34． A．they don‟t live near business areas B. they don‟t need the exercise
C．they never have parking problems D．they can’t afford to take the bus
35． A．air pollution is not serious B．anyone can live to be 107
C．country people should move to the city D．walking is a healthful exercise
Passage 2
For any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the world‟s greatest dramatist(剧作家)．Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：that of William Shakespeare Every Englishman has some knowledge，however slight，of the work of our greatest writer．All of US use words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare‟s writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people．Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well—known proverbs and quotations．
Shakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the English language．Most of US use about five thousand words in our normal use of English；Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand．
There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it．Such a study is well worth the effort(it is not，of course，recommended to beginners)even though some aspects of English usage，and the meaning of many words，have changed since Shakespeare‟s day．
Passage 2
当提及谁是世界上最伟大的剧作家，对于每个英国人来说，答案都毫无疑义。只有一个名字值得这个称号——莎士比亚。对于我们这个最伟大的剧作家，每个英国人都有些了解，即使很少。从莎翁的剧作中我们拿来使用的单词，习语和引用，已经变成了英语使用者的通用词库中的一部分。很多
第四篇:《2015年6月13日英语六级真题及答案之《翻译》参考译文》
2015年6月英语六级翻译参考译文（一）：中国传统待客之道
中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
参考译文：
ThetraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresfooddiversity,sothatguestswillbefullbeforeeatingupallthedishes.AtypicalChinesebanquetmenuincludescolddishesservedatthebeginning,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeat,poultry,vegetables,etc.Atmostbanquets,thewholefishisconsideredtobeessential,unlessvariouskindsofseafoodhavebeenservedalready.Today,ChinesepeoplewouldliketocombineWesternspecialtieswithtraditionalChinesedishes.Therefore,itisnotraretoseesteakbeingservedaswell.Saladisgainingpopularity,althoughtraditionallytheChinesepeoplegenerallydonoteatanyfoodwithoutcooking.Thereisusuallyatleastabowlofsoup,servedatthebeginningorintheendofthedinnerparty.Dessertsandfruitusuallymarktheendofthefeast.
2015年6月英语六级翻译参考译文（二）：汉朝中国城市化
2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计有3.5亿农村人口将移居城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
参考译文：
The2011isahistoricmomentinChineseurbanizationprocess,whentheurbanpopulationsurpassedtheruralpopulationforthefirsttime.Duringthenext20years,itisestimatedthatabout350millionruralpopulationwillmovetocities.Suchlarge-scaleofurbanizationisbothachallengeandanopportunitytotheurbantraffic.The
Chinesegovernmenthasalwaysbeenadvocating“people-oriented”developingconcept,emphasizingthatpeopleshouldtravelbybusesinsteadofbyprivatecars.Italsocallsfortheconstructionof“resourcesavingandenvironmentfriendly”society.Withthisexplicitgoal,Chinacanhaveabetter-plannedurbanizationprocess,andthereforedivertmoreinvestmenttothedevelopmentofsafe,cleanandeconomicaltransportationsystem.
2015年6月英语六级翻译参考译文（三）：汉朝
汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术流派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷(sundials)以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经400年，但统治者的腐朽最终导致了它的灭亡。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
参考译文：
TheHandynastyisoneofthemostimportantdynastiesofChina.TherewerelotsofprominentachievementsduringthereignoftheHandynasty.Beingthefirsttoopenthedoortoothercultures,itexcelledinitsforeigntrade.TheSilkRoadpavedintheHandynastyledtoCentralandWesternAsia,andeventoRome.Withallsortsofart
schoolsflourishing,thereappearedmanygreatworksinliterary,history,andphilosophy.In100A.D.,China’sfirstdictionarywascompleted,whichincluded9000characters,providingdifferentwaysofwritingthecharactersaswellastheirdefinitions.Duringthatperiod,thescienceandtechnologyhadmadegreatprogress,too:thepaper,thewaterclock,thesundialandtheinstrumentusedforseismicsurveywereinvented.ThoughtheHandynastyhadahistoryof400years,thecorruptionofitsrulersfinallyleadtoitscollapse.
第五篇:《网考大学英语B练习和仿真“阅读理解”题目和答案(含译文)》
阅读与理解练习题及答案
Passage 1
My mother raised me as best as she could，taking on odd jobs in the neighborhood for money．Still without a father to tell me how to act and what was expected of me，I felt lost．1 wandered for years and got involved with tough guys on the East Side of New York．They would fight madly over a dropped coin．They would steal to get what they wanted．I wanted to be like them．
It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline，after following my mothers advice．During three years of military service，I had time to rethink my life，and my thoughts often ran to my mother．I realized suddenly just how much of a heartache I must have been to her，how little I had noticed her suffering．When my father left this world．my mother was completely alone．To support us，my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors．And as she worked hard at this labor，she kept her head high．Each week she would bring a pile of books home from the library and read to us．My mother had wanted nothing more，than for me to turn into an honest responsible man．But I had acted against her. Finally，almost too late l had the sense to feel shame． Ten years passed and I returned to the apartment On the East Side．I knew I wouldn’t fall back in with the wrong people，although I still wasn’t sure where I was heading．My mother,I could tell．was worried about me．In my neighborhood, to become a police officer or a firefighter was a mark of significant social success and achievement. For me it was an opportunity for a real start in life. I wondered if I was up to it．but I knew that it was time to try．When I found myself in the big hall raising my hands to take the firefighters oath (誓言)of office，my mother was sitting a few rows behind with a smile of relief．She knew that at last I was off on lifes road and moving steadily．Her smile said，“My job is finally done．”
1．From this story，we may guess that the East Side of New York must be a____C_______area
A．commercial B．rich C．poor D．distant
本题考判断能力。从作者对自己经历的叙述，可以判断他生活在穷人区，所以答案为c。
2．The author used to behave himself________D___________.
A. oddly B．toughly C．remarkably D．badly
本题考概括能力。第一段和第二段都表明作者曾经跟坏人混在一起，所以答案为D。
3．From the context，we understand that “odd jobs”in the first paragraph refer to jobs____B_____．
A．of cleaning,washing and ironing C. which one can make extra money With
B．which are not regular or fixed D．with house work
本题考根据上下文猜测词语的能力。odd jobs指的是“零活，打零工”，第二段中所说washing等是举例，所以答案为B。
4．In the first sentence of the,second paragraph．the author says．“It was lucky for me that...”The lucky
experience he talks about here is his experience of______A______．
A. the three years of military service
B．leaving a world of discipline
C．leaving the city and his mother
D．remembering the books his mother read to her children
本题考推理能力。作者说幸运，显然是指后面一句提到的三年军队生活经历，因此答案为A。
5. What is not true according to the passage? B
A．After her husband died，his mother did all available jobs to support the family．
B．The author was surprised that he was accepted as a firefighter．
C. The author finally realized that his mother always wanted him to be an honest and responsible man．
D．In face of poverty，his mother never lowered her head．She bravely struggled on．
本题考概括和判断能力。A，C，D各条内容在文中都有叙述，作者对自己的前途虽然没有把握，但对自己去争取一个新的生活还是充满信心，所以答案为B。
参考译文：母亲通过在附近打零工挣点钱，尽她最大的能力把我抚养大。但是没有父亲告诉我应该怎么做，我应该期待什么.我迷茫了...几年来我一直在彷徨，并混入了纽约贫民区的一帮凶悍的青年。他们可以为了一枚掉了的硬币疯狂打架，他们会用偷的形式获得他们想要的，我想和他们一样。
幸运的是，离开了城市之后，通过遵循母亲的指导我进入了一个有序的世界，三年的军役生活让我重思我的生活。我的思绪常常飘到母亲那里。突然间我认识到我带给了她多大的麻烦，而我却很少注意到他的痛苦。自从父亲不在后，母亲非常孤独。为了抚养我们，母亲为邻居打扫房间，洗、熨衣服。虽然她以这种工作拼命挣钱，却始终保持很高的思想觉悟。每周她都会从图书馆买一大堆的书回家，读给我们听。母亲只想让我
做一个负责任的人，其它再别无所求。但是我却与他唱反调。最后我才觉得有愧于她，但几乎太晚了。 十年过去了，我又回到了贫民区的那个家。尽管我不确定我未来的人生路该往哪去，但是绝不会再和那些家伙混在一起。我能够感觉出母亲为我担心。我的邻居们认为，能做一名警官或是消防员就代表着社会上的成功。而对我来说那就是新生活开始的机会。我想知道我能否等到那一刻，可是我知道现在应该试一试了。我不知道是否能达到这个标准，但我知道这是该尝试的时候了。当我站在大厅里举起我的手作为作消防员就职宣誓时，我的母亲就坐在后几排，如释重负。她知道我最终走上了生活的道路并稳定下来了，她的微笑告诉我：“我的任务完成了。”
Passage 2
PALO ALTO，California—“Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter，even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise．”US researchers said last week．
A study of 192 third and fourth graders，generally aged eight and nine，found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds(0．9kg)less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet．
“The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity，”said Thomas Robinson，a pediatrician(儿科专家)at Stanford University．
“American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing video games，and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20 years，”Robinson said．
In the study，presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies’annual meeting in San Francisco，the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third．
Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their normal television viewing，even though neither group ate a special diet or took part in any extra exercise．
“One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories，”Robinson said．“Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television．Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more，”Robinson said．
6. The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that_______D___________.
A．children will get fatter if they eat too much
B．children will get thinner if they eat less
C．children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV
D．children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV
本题考细节。答案在文章第一段第一句，文中的 “switching off”相当于“closing”。答案为D。
7．According to the passage，the time American children usually spend on watching TV_____A_____.
A．is more than four hours a day C．doubled in the last twenty years
B．is less than four hours a day D．is more than on any other activities
本题考细节。答案在文章第四段第一句。答案为A。
8. The time the group of children in the study spent on TV viewing every day is Suggested to be about
____C_________.
A．six hours B．eight hours C．three hours D. one hour
本题考细节与推理。答案在文章第五段最后一句“．．．reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one—third”(将他们看电视的时间缩短了四分之一到三分之一)。注意reduce．．．by．．表示“缩短了„„”，而reduce„„ t0„„表示“缩短为„„”。经推算，答案应为C。
9．Which one of the following is right?______B_________
A．Children usually eat less while watching TV．
B. Children usually eat more while watching TV．
C Children eat the same amount of food while watching TV．
D．Children usually eat nothing while watching TV．
本题考细节。答案在文章第七段最后一句“．．．eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more”。答案为B。
10．Why can watching TV increase kidsweight according to the passage?______D_________
A．Because kids usually eat more while watching TV．
B．Because kids burn off fewer calories．
C．Because kids change their diet while watching TV．
D．Both A and B．
本题考细节和判断。答案在第七段，孩子若不守着电视机，就会动得多一些，消耗更多的热量。答案为D。 参考译文：
帕洛阿尔托, 加利福尼亚州—“关掉电视有助于防止儿童发胖，即使他们不改变他们的饮食结构也
不增加运动量，”美国研究者上周说。
一项针对192人，三到四年级，总体年龄在八岁和九岁的孩子调查发现那些在一年里减少数小时看
电视时间的孩子比不改变看电视时间的孩子体重减少近两磅（0.9公斤）。
“这个发现非常重要，因为这表明减肥仅仅是减少看电视时间的结果，跟其他活动无关，”斯坦福
大学儿科专家托马斯·鲁宾逊说。
“美国孩子平均每天花费四小时看电视和视频或者玩视频游戏，儿童肥胖比例是20年前的两倍，”
鲁宾逊说。
本周，这项报告将在旧金山举行的儿科学术学会上提出，研究者说服100名学生将他们看电视的时
间缩短了四分之一到三分之一。
和那些继续保持看电视时间的学生相比，这些孩子看电视的时间越少，他们腰围尺寸增加越少，身
体脂肪越少，而且两者都没有吃特别的饮食或参加额外的运动。
“体重减少的一个解释就是孩子们不再黏在电视前可能仅仅是去运动起来燃烧卡路里，”鲁宾逊说，
“另外一个原因可能由于看电视少了，在电视机前吃的东西更少了。有些研究提出待在电视机前吃东西鼓励人们吃的更多，”鲁宾逊说。
Passage 3
Airline companies are responsible for transporting your luggage．If you cannot recover it at the point of arrival．you must inform the airline immediately．They will early out the necessary search．If the luggage is re covered．it will be delivered to your place of residence．If you wish to insure your luggage，you may do so at your own expense.
Some airlines restrict luggage weight to 44 pounds(20 kg)；in other cases，there is no weight restriction，but you are not allowed more than two pieces of luggage．Inquire about luggage allowances from the airline with which you will be traveling．However，you must pay extra for excess luggage，which is not reimbursed (补偿)by Canadian International Development Agency(CIDA).
Each suitcase，bag or package must be clearly labeled with your name and destination. If you do not know the exact destination address at the time of your departure，label your luggage in care of(由„„代收) me executing agency whose name appears in the Training Agreement，using the following model：
Surname．first name
Name of your country
Address of the executing agency
City，country，postal code
Telephone number of executing agency
If you do not have this information，please label your luggage with the name and address of the institution you are to attend in Canada．If none of these details are available，you can use CIDA’s address．
11．If you can’t find your luggage at the point of arrival，airline companies will try to find it and_____B________．
A．ask you to insure your luggage C. inform you about its recovery
B．deliver it to where you live D．ask you to pay some money for it
本题考细节。答案在文章第一段第四句。“place of residence”相当于答案中的“where you消息live”，可知答案为B。
12．Before taking your air trip，you have to make sure_____A_____．
A．of the restrictions on luggage
B．of the insurance for luggage
C. who will pay for the excess luggage
D．how much CIDA will pay for the excess luggage【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】
本题考细节。答案在文章第二段第二句。“luggage allowances”相当于答案中的“restrictions on luggage”，可知答案为A。
13．The charge for the excess luggage should be paid by_______B__________.
A．CIDA C．the insurance company
B．the passenger D．the executing agency
本题考细节。答案在文章第二段第三句。文中的“you”代表的就是答案中的“passenger”，可知答案为B。
14．In case you have no idea at all where to send your luggage．you can first send it to the address of
_____D___________provided you have the information．
A．the institution you are to attend
B．the airline you travel with【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】
C．CIDA
D. the executing agency given in the Training Agreement
本题考细节。答案在文章第三段第二句，可知答案为D。
15. The passage is mainly about CIDA’s advice on____D_______．
A．the charge of your luggage C．the insurance of your luggage
B．the recovery of your luggage D．the transportation of your luggage
本题考主旨，测试对全文的通篇理解。文章第一句就提到了“Airline companies are responsible for transporting your luggage”。后面解释如何负责，第二段介绍了“luggage restriction”．第三段介绍了如何填写“destination address”。整体来看，文章都在讲托运行李中的一系列问题，故答案为D。
参考译文：
航空公司有责任帮你运输行李。如果你没有在到达的时候拿到行李，你必须立即通知航空公司。
他们会做必要的寻找。如果重新找到了行李，他们会通知你的住处。如果你想要对行李进行保险，你需要自己付费。
有些航空公司规定行李的重量不能超过44磅（20公斤），其他航空公司对行李的重量没有限制，【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】
但是行李的件数不能超过两件。可以向你将要乘坐的航班询问行李是否被允许。对与超过规定的行李要承担额外的费用，对此加拿大国际发展机构不会进行补偿。
每件行李，包或者箱子都必须清楚地标上你的姓名和目的地。如果你起飞时不知道到达的确切地
点，可以标上由执行机构（旅游公司）代收的字样，就是旅行协议上出现的名字。可用以下模式：
姓
国家名
执行机构（旅游公司）的地址
城市名，国家名，邮编
执行机构（旅游公司）的电话号码
如果你没有这些信息，请在行李上标上你在加拿大到过的机构的名字和地址。如果这些信息都没
有，你可以用CIDA（加拿大国际发展机构）的地址。
Passage 4
To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains．But actually the am- brella was not invented as protection against rain．Its first use was as a shade(遮光物)against the sun!
obody knows who first invented it，but the umbrella was used in very ancient times．Probably the first to use it were the Chinese，way back in the 11 century BC．
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade．And there was a strange thing connected with its use：it became a symbol of honour and authority．In the Far East in ancient times，the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office．
In Europe，the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade．And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece．But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.
During the Middle Ages，the use of the umbrella practically disappeared．Then it appeared again in Italy in the late 16th century And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority．By 1680，the umbrella appeared in France，and later on in England．
By the 18th century，the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe．Umbrellas have not changed much in style during aU this time．though they have become much lighter in weight.It wasnt until the 20th century that womens umbrellas began to be made，in a whole variety of colours．
16．According to this passage，the umbrella was probably first invented_______A___________.
A．in ancient China C．in ancient Greece
B．in ancient Egypt D．in ancient Rome
本题考推理能力。根据文章第二段内容推断，答案应为A。
17 Which of the following statements is not true about the umbrella?________C________.
A．No one exactly knows who was the inventor of the umbrella．
B．The umbrella was first invanted to be used as protection against the sun．
C．The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century．
D．In Europe，the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella．
本题考细节。由最后一段第一、二句可知，答案应为c。
18．A sffange feature of the umbrellas use is that it was once used as_______B________
A．protection against rain C．a shade against the sun
B．a symbol of honour and power D．womens decoration
本题考细节。答案在文章第三段的第二句，答案为B。
19．In Europe．the umbrella was first used against the rain_____C___．
A．during the Middle Ages C．in Rome
B．in the 18th century D．in Greece
本题考细节和判断。由文章第四段最后一句内容判断，答案应为c。
20．This passage talks mainly about______________D___________．
A．when and how the umbrella was invented
B why the umbrella was once so popular in Europe
C the development of the umbrella
D．the history and use of the umbrella
本题考中心思想。通读全文，最佳答案应为D。
参考译文：
对我们来说，下雨时撑开伞挡雨是那么自然的事，但事实上，伞的发明并不是用于防下雨，它最早
是用来遮挡阳光的。
无人知晓究竟是谁最先发明了伞，但伞的使用已经非常悠久。很可能最早使用伞的是中国人，那是
远在公元前11世纪的事了。
伞在古埃及和巴比伦是被当作遮阳伞使用的，而且还有一桩与使用遮阳伞有关的奇事，即它是荣誉
和权力的象征。在古代的远东，撑伞只限用于王家贵族。
在欧洲，希腊人最早使用阳伞。伞的普遍使用也是在古希腊。而欧洲第一个用伞来挡雨的是古罗马
人。
在整个中世纪，伞几乎没人使用。后来它的再次出现，是在16世纪的意大利，并仍被视为权力和
威严的象征。1680年，伞出现在法国，稍后是英国。
在18世纪时期，欧洲大部分地区到处使用伞来挡雨，伞的形式在这段时间没有很大的变化，尽管
它们在重量上变得更轻了。直到20世纪，女用伞才被制造出来，并且花色逐渐繁多了。
Passage 5
As far back as 700 BC，man has talked about children being cared for by wolves. Romulus and Remns，founders of ancient Rome，were said to have been brought up by wolves．It is believed that when a she-wolf loses her litter，she tries to find a human baby to take its place．
This seemingly unreasonable idea did not become believable until the nineteenth century when a French doctor actually found a boy wandering in a forest．The boy had no clothes on and was judged to be ten years old by some experts．He did not walk straight up like a human being，but with both his hands and feet touching the ground .The boy could not speak but howled like a wolf．He did not eat any cooked food but raw meat such as hare，deer，or goat meat. He knew nothing about the relationships among human families．Finally the doctor won the boys trust，and the boy started to obey him. After many long years of devoted and patient instruction，the doctor managed to get the boy to dress himself in clothes and feed himself as a human being does．With great difficulty，the doctor was able to make the wolf-boy recognize and speak quite a few words.
21．According to the passage．it is believed that______B_______
A．wolf-children are a common occurrence existing in every country every century
B．the unusual occurrence of wolf-children has existed for over twenty centuries
C．she-wolves enjoy looking after a human baby instead of her own child
D．human beings are curious about wolf-children
第六篇:《《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）》
《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）
孝公既用卫鞅①，欲变法，恐天下议己。卫鞅曰:“治世不一道便国不法古故汤武不循古而王夏殷不易礼而亡。反古者不可非，而循礼者不足多。”孝公曰：“善。”以卫鞅为左庶长，卒定变法之令。
令行于民期年，秦民之国都言初令不便者以千数。于是太子犯法。卫鞅曰“法之不行，自上犯之。”将法太子。太子，君嗣也，不可施刑；刑其傅公子虔，黥其师公孙贾。明日，秦人皆趋令。行之十年，秦民大悦，道不拾遗，家给人足，乡邑大治。秦民初言令不便者有来言令便者。居三年，作为筑冀阙宫庭于咸阳，秦自雍徙都之。集小乡邑聚为县，置令．丞，凡三十一县。为田开阡陌封疆，而赋税平。行之四年，公子虔复犯约，劓之。居五年，秦人富强，天子致胙②于孝公，诸侯毕贺。秦封之商．於十五邑，号为“商君”。
商君相秦十年，宗室贵戚多怨望者。赵良②见商君，曰：“君之危若朝露，则何不归十五都，灌园于鄙，劝秦王显岩穴之士，养老存孤，序有功，尊有德，可以少安。【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）。君尚将贪商．於之富，宠秦国之教，畜百姓之怨，秦王一旦捐宾客而不立朝，秦国之所以收君者，岂其微哉？亡可翘足而待!”商君弗从。后五月而秦孝公卒，太子立。公子虔之徒告商君欲反，发吏捕商君。商君亡至关下，欲舍客舍。客人不知其是商君也，曰：“商君之法，舍人无验者坐之。”去之魏，弗受，遂内秦。商君既复入秦，走商邑。
（《史记?商君列传》节选）
［注］①卫鞅：即商鞅，因受封商．於（wū）两地十五个都邑而故名。
②胙（zuò）：天子祭祀所余之肉；“致胙”，天子尊显诸侯的仪式。
③赵良：秦国隐士。
4．对下列句子中加点的词语的解释，正确的一项是 （ ）
A．而循礼者不足多 多：称赞，赞扬。
B．秦王一旦捐宾客而不立朝 捐：捐献，献出。
C．何不归十五都 归：回归，回到。
D．弗受，遂内秦 内：通“纳”，接纳，收容。
5．下列句子分别编为四组，全都表现商鞅坚决变法的一组是 （ ）
①反古者不可非。 ②“法之不行，自上犯之。”将法太子。
③为田开阡陌封疆。 ④公子虔复犯约，劓之。
⑤宠秦国之教。 ⑥劝秦王显岩穴之士。
A．①③⑤ B．②④⑥ C．②③⑤ D．①②④
）A．孝公想变更法度，但又心存顾虑，商鞅援引古时正反两方面的事例进行论证，坚定了孝公的决心，于是孝公下令变法。【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】文章《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）出自
C．商鞅变法得罪了很多权贵，赵良指明商鞅处境危险，孝公一死，祸即及身，劝他不要贪恋富贵．权势，而应弃爵归田，以避祸患。
D．孝公死，太子即位，于是派人搜捕商鞅。商鞅被迫逃亡，但其所定之法反使自已陷入困境，没有办法他只好逃回到了自己的封地。
7．用\给（1）断句，把（2）（3）翻译成现代汉语。（10分）
（1） 治 世 不 一 道 便 国 不 法 古 故 汤 武 不 循 古 而 王 夏 殷不 易 礼 而 亡（3分）
（2）令行于民期年，秦民之国都言初令不便者以千数。（4分）
（3）商君亡至关下，欲舍客舍。（3分） 本文来自
4．A（B．句中的“捐”应为“舍弃．抛弃”之意，“捐宾客”，意谓“去世”；C．句中的“归”应为“归还”之意；D．句中的“内”应为“送回”之意）
5．D（③是实施新法；⑤是赵良认为商君过于热衷掌大权；⑥是让商君多劝秦王招贤纳士。这些都与“坚决变法”无关）
6．B（文中没说天子．诸侯“反对变法”，且天子嘉许．诸侯祝贺的对象是孝公，而不是商鞅）
7．（1）治世不一道\便国不法古\故汤\武不循古而王\夏\殷不易礼而亡。
（2）新法令在国民中推行了一周年，秦国百姓中到京师诉说新法令不方便的人可以用千来统计。
（3）商鞅出逃到关下，准备住进一家客店。
译文：
秦孝公起用卫鞅后，想采用他的建议变更法度，但又顾忌国人非议自己。卫鞅说：“治理国家不必只用一种方法，只要对国家有利就不一定非要效法古制。所以商汤．周武不遵循陈规而称王统一了天下，夏桀．殷纣不革新旧礼却亡了国。背离古制的人不应该受到非议，而遵循旧礼行事的人也不值得称赞。”孝公说：“讲得好。”便任用卫鞅担任左庶长，终于制订出变法的条令。
新法令在国民中推行了一周年，秦国百姓中来到京师诉说新法令不方便的人可以用千来统计。正在这时，太子触犯了法令，卫鞅说：“新法令之所以得不到很好的推行，就是因为有来自上层的人在违犯它。”于是准备依法处治太子。因顾忌太子是国君的继承人，不能对他施刑，于是就处罚了太子的老师公子虔，还将太子的师傅公孙贾处以黥刑。第二天，秦国百姓都迅速地奉行新法令了。施行了新法令十年以后，秦国的百姓走在路上不会去拾取别人遗失的东西，家家户户丰衣足食，乡镇和都市秩序井然。秦国百姓中一些当初说新法令不好的人又有前来称赞新法令好的。过了三年，秦国在咸阳建造修筑了城阙宫廷，就把国都从雍地迁到了咸阳。卫鞅把若干小的村落．市镇合并起来组建为县，设置县令．县丞来管理，一共设置了三十一个县。【《史记?商君列传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）】阅读答案 第七篇:《《商鞅立信》阅读答案及原文翻译》 商鞅立信 【原文】 商鞅令既具，未布，恐民之不信也，乃立三丈之木于国都之南门，募民有能徙置北门者予十金。民怪之，莫敢徙。复曰：“能徙者予五十金。”有一人徙之，辄予五十金，以明不欺。民信之，卒下令。【《商鞅立信》阅读答案及原文翻译】《商鞅立信》阅读答案及原文翻译。 （选自《史记•商君列传》） 【译文】 商鞅法令已经制订完成，尚未公布，恐怕老百姓不相信自己，就在都城市场的南门竖起一根三丈长的木头，招募百姓中有谁把木头搬到北门就赏给十金。人们觉得奇怪，没有人敢搬动。又下令说：“能把木头搬到北门的赏五十金。”有一个人把木头搬走了，当即就赏给他五十金，以表明决不欺骗。人们都知道了左庶长言出必行,最终发布法令。 【解释】 ①令：指变法的命令。【《商鞅立信》阅读答案及原文翻译】文章《商鞅立信》阅读答案及原文翻译出自⑤募：招募。 ⑥徙：迁徙，这里指搬走。 ⑦金：古代货币单位。【《商鞅立信》阅读答案及原文翻译】古诗词鉴赏；（2）徙： ；（3）予： ；（4）辄： ；（5）以： 2、 翻译： （1）乃立三丈之木于国都之南门: （2）民怪之，莫敢徙： 3、本文给你的启示是什么？ 【阅读训练】 1、 解释：（1）已经；（2）迁移，搬；（3）给；（4）立即，就；（5）用来 2、 翻译： （1）于是（命人）在都城南门前放置了一根高三丈的木头。 （2）老百姓看到后对此感到奇怪，没有人敢去搬木头。 3、本文给你的启示：诚信很重要，“人无信而不立”，要想让人相信自己，必须“言必信，信必果”。 本文来源：http://www.zhuodaoren.com/yuwen86441/