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【篇一】:关于奥林匹克运动会的历史由来-英文版
1. Since the Greeks (especially the Athenians and Spartans) attached importance to the military training, actualized the physical education and advocated the spirit of valor and tenacity, thus in the war of fighting against the Persians in 5th century BC, the Greeks were so valiant that they defeated the Persians and won the great victory in the battle. After the war, the sports were popularized in Greece in an unparalleled scope, which brought the Olympic Games to its golden age in history. During this time, the magnificent temple of Zeus and the accessorial Olympic Guests House(奥林匹亚迎宾殿)were constructed. That was the most splendid memorial that saw the states of Greek debate Persians. From then on, the Olympic Games became more influential and larger-scale.
2. The triumph of the Greece-Persia war not only made the Greek-states beat back the Persian army’s offensive into westward, securing the independence of the country, but also laid the foundation for opening up of the sea-lane to the Black Sea, establishing its supremacy in the eastern Mediterranean. At the same time, the victory had promoted the prosperity of the slavery economy and culture in Greece in the second half of 5th century BC. Just then, with the constant development of politics, military, economy and culture in the slavery city-states, a large number of slaves were more widely used in all kind of producing departments in society. They produced ceramics, metal
wares, textile fabrics, olive oil, wine, agricultural processed-goods, mineral products, and so on, which were incessantly sold to the distant areas in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea by the aristocratic slaveholders. Simultaneously, the slaveholders also carried back the food supplies, livestock, industrial raw materials and numerous slaves. All these resulted in the rapidly flourishing of the handicraft industry, business and external trade in many city-states of Greece. Obviously, the economic prosperity of the Greek society was based on the great fortune made by massive slaves. Without the slavery system in Greece, the Silver Age of the Olympic Games would not have come.
3. However, the slavery society was founded on the base of a great deal of oppressed slaves’ exploitation thrown by the slaveholders. The slaves made enormous fortune for the society as well as the various wealth for the Greek city-states. Meanwhile, the annexing was appearing, especially the cruel oppression and exploitation of the slave-owner class had taken stirred up the slaves’ continuous resistance. Many of them either went into exile or held armed uprising, which gave a heavy hit to the slavery society of Greece and made it fall from flourishing summit to decline inch by inch. During the Peloponnesian War, the whole Greece had suffered a bigger loss. Large numbers of slaves escaped both from Sparta and Athens. Only in the year of 413 BC, there were more than 20,000 slaves holding the mass breakout
from the city-state of Athens, most of who were skillful craftsmen, which hit the slavery economy of Athens heavily.
4. Just as the historian, Thucydides described:“The war--the Peloponnesian War has lasted a long time, and during the wartime, Athens suffered unprecedentedly. Actually, there never have so many cities been occupied and destroyed…so have the driven and killed people resulting from the war itself or the civil strife…Besides, the earthquake expanded in a wide area instantaneously, so did the drought as well as the famine causing by drought. At last, the widespread diseases caused the biggest calamity, and a lot of people died of it. All these came up with the war.” After the war, the slaves of the different city-states rose up continuously, and they always united the urban paupers fighting in an extremely large scale.
5. All these drastically exhausted the national power of each city-state. Besides, the flooding of diseases and disasters accompanied with the war crippled the old Greece completely and the society began to run from the prosperity to the wane. While the slavery society went downhill in Greece, the Olympic Games also followed it from a flourishing age to a declining period.
6. It was the Olympic Games that firstly advocated the Holy Truce, which expressed the yearning for peace of the ancient Greeks and made
it possible for the Olympic Games going on wheels and developing continually. However, the war could not be prevented and vanished just by the Holy Truce. On the contrary, it was the evil war that brought the Olympic Games to the crowning calamity. After the Greece-Persia war, the Peloponnesian War in the 5th century BC made the slavery system begin to decline in Greece. At the same time, it became the turning point of the Olympic Games from rise to decline.
7. Why did the Olympic Games run from rise to decline gradually? Apart from the reasons mentioned above, so many maladies it had were the internal cause that speeded up the decline of the Olympic Games. These maladies corroded the muscles and eroded the soul of the Olympic Games from every side and by any ways. From the 6th century BC, even in the Golden Age of the Olympic Games, some unhealthy elements had appeared, among which the appearance of the professional athletes and the professionalized competitions, which went bad to worse in the following years. Finally, it resulted in the corruption being revealed continuously in some competitions of the Olympic Games. Thus, it went too far to be back.
8. At the very beginning of the foundation and development of the Olympic Games, the athletes joining in must be trained strictly. Once winning in the competition, they would gain all kinds of glories after that. At first, the kings, slaveholders and aristocrats often participated in
some competitions. Relatively, the slaveholders and aristocrats usually paid special attention to the strict and hard training and spared no effort in the games. But the following games were imprinted by the ages deeply along with the slavery society going from prosperity to decline in Greece.
【篇二】:奥林匹克运动会简介及运动会项目英语词汇
奥林匹克运动会简介及运动会项目英语词汇
奥林匹克运动简史
The Brief History of the Ancient Olympic Games:
According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded by Heracles (the Roman Hercules), a son of Zeus. Yet the first Olympic Games for which we still have written records were held in 776 BCE (though it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years already). At this Olympic Games, a naked runner, Coroebus, won the sole event at the Olympics, the stade - a run of approximately 192 meters (210 yards). This made Coroebus the very first Olympic champion in history. The ancient Olympic Games grew and continued to be played every four years for nearly 1200 years. At ancient Olympic Games, women were not allowed to compete, even to be the spectators.There were fewer events, and only free men who spoke Greek could compete, instead of athletes from any country. Also, the games were always held at Olympia instead of moving around to different sites every time.
In 393 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, abolished the Games because of their great influences.
The Brief History of the Ancient Olympic Games:
Approximately 1500 years later, a young Frenchmen named Pierre de Coubertin began their revival. Coubertin is now known as le Rénovateur. Coubertin was a French aristocrat born on January 1, 1863. He was only seven years old when France was overrun by the Germans during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Some believe that Coubertin attributed the defeat of France not to its military skills but rather to the French soldiers’ lack of vigor. After examining the education of the German, British, and American children, Coubertin decided that it was exercise, more specifically sports, that made a well-rounded and vigorous person.
However Coubertin’s attempt to get France interested in sports was not met with enthusiasm. Still, Coubertin persisted. In 1892, Coubertin constructed an international committee to organize the Games. Two years later, this committee became the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Demetrious Vikelas from Greece was selected to be its first president. Athens was chosen for the revival of the Olympic Games and the planning was begun.
运动项目词汇
Aquatics水上运动
Freestyle 自由泳
Backstroke 仰泳
Breastroke 蛙泳
Butterfly 蝶泳
Archery弓箭
Athletics 田径
Sprint 短跑
Race walk 竞走
Hurdle 跨栏
Relay 接力
Discus throw 掷铁饼 Javeline 掷标枪
Hammer throw 掷链球 Long jump 跳远
Triple jump 三级跳
Pole vault 撑竿跳
Badminton羽毛球
Baseball棒球
Basketball篮球
Boxing拳击
Canoe/kayak独木舟／多人划竞赛 Cycling自行车
Equestrian马术
Fencing击剑Football足球 Gymnastics体操奥林匹克运动会英文。
Balance beam 平衡木
Horizontal bar 单杠 Parallel bars 双杠
Pommel horse 鞍马
Rings 吊环
Trampoline 跳床
Uneven bars 高低杠
Handball手球
Hockey曲棍球
Judo柔道
Pentathlon五项全能
Rowing划船
Sailing帆船
Shooting射击
Softball垒球
Table tennis乒乓球 Taekwondo跆拳道 Tennis网球 Volleyball排球 Weightlifting举重 Wrestling摔跤。
【篇三】:奥运会常用英语词汇
奥运会常用英语词汇
1.General Terms 一般词汇
manager 经纪人
instructor 教练,技术指导
guide 领队
trainer 助理教练
referee, umpire (网球.棒球)裁判
linesman, touch judge (橄榄球)裁判 contestant, competitor, player 运动员 professional 职业运动员
amateur 业余运动员,爱好者
enthusiast, fan 迷,爱好者
favourite 可望取胜者 (美作:favorite) outsider 无取胜希望者
championship 冠军赛,锦标赛
champion 冠军
record 纪录
record holder 纪录创造者
ace 网球赛中的一分
Olympic Games, Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 Winter Olympics 冬季奥林匹克运动会 stadium 运动场
track 跑道
ring 圈
ground, field 场地
pitch (足球、橄榄球)场地
court 网球场
team, side 队
2.Athletics 竞技
race 跑
middle-distance race 中长跑
long-distance runner 长跑运动员 sprint 短跑 (美作:dash)
the 400 metre hurdles 400米栏 marathon 马拉松
decathlon 十项
cross-country race 越野跑
jump 跳跃
jumping 跳跃运动
high jump 跳高
long jump 跳远 (美作:broad jump)
triple jump, hop step and jump 三级跳 pole vault 撑竿跳
throw 投掷
throwing 投掷运动
putting the shot, shot put 推铅球 throwing the discus 掷铁饼
throwing the hammer 掷链锤 throwing the javelin 掷标枪
walk 竞走
3.Individual Sprots 体育项目
gymnastics 体操
gymnastic apparatus 体操器械 horizontal bar 单杠
parallel bars 双杠
rings 吊环
trapeze 秋千
wall bars 肋木
side horse, pommelled horse 鞍马 weight-lifting 举重
weights 重量级
boxing 拳击
Greece-Roman wrestling 古典式摔跤 hold, lock 揪钮
judo 柔道
fencing 击剑
winter sports 冬季运动
skiing 滑雪
ski 滑雪板
downhill race 速降滑雪赛,滑降 slalom 障碍滑雪
ski jumping competition 跳高滑雪比赛 ski jump 跳高滑雪
ice skating 滑冰
figure skating 花样滑冰
roller skating 滑旱冰
bobsleigh, bobsled 雪橇
4.Games and Competitions 球类运动 football 足球
rugby 橄榄球
basketball 篮球
volleyball 排球
tennis 网球
baseball 垒球
handball 手球
hockey 曲棍球
golf 高尔夫球
cricket 板球
ice hockey 冰球
goalkeeper 球门员奥林匹克运动会英文。
centre kick 中线发球
goal kick 球门发球
throw in, line-out 边线发球
to score a goal 射门得分
to convert a try 对方球门线后触地得分 batsman 板球运动员
batter 击球运动员
men's singles 单打运动员
in the mixed doubles 混合双打
5.Water Sports 水上运动
swimming pool 游泳池
swimming 游泳
medley relay 混合泳
crawl 爬泳
breaststroke 蛙式
backstroke 仰式
freestyle 自由式
butterfly (stroke) 蝶泳
diving competition 跳水
water polo 水球
water skiing 水橇
rowing 划船
canoe 划艇奥林匹克运动会英文。
boat race 赛艇
yacht 游艇
kayak 皮船
sailing 帆船运动
outboard boat 船外马达
【篇四】:(英语参考)奥林匹克运动会
《 奥林匹克运动会 》说课稿
尊敬的各位评委、各位老师：
大家下午好！今天我说课的内容是高一英语教材第八单元的阅读课《奥林匹克运动会》。
我选讲这个课题主要是因为奥运会现已成为中国人民谈论的主要话题,它所倡导的体育精神在世界范围内具有深远影响。它对我们广大青少年学生具有一定的教育意义。
下面我就从教材,教法与学法、教学过程以及教学板书等几个方面进行说课。
一、 教材分析
１、教材简析：
本节课是高一第八单元的阅读课,它是一篇叙述性的说明文。它以世界性的体育盛会──The Olympic Games 为话题，旨在通过本课的教学，使学生了解奥运会的起源、宗旨、比赛项目以及古现代奥运会的异同。了解奥运会在世界范围的影响（全世界人民对举办奥运会充满热忱,尤其是中国人民正在为2008 年第29届奥运会在中国的顺利举行而作出的积极努力。）,以及举办奥运会的最高宗旨。学习这篇课文是对学生进行一次爱国主义教育的洗礼,激发其为祖国而努力学习和奋斗。所以能否上好本节课，具有非常重要的意义。
2、教学目标：（知识目标、能力目标、德育目标）
(1) 基础知识目标： 让学生理解本课所讲内容及语言知识点,学习有关奥运会的更多知识。
(2) 能力目标：a）通过scanning, skimming, careful reading, generalization等阅读技能训练，培养学生的阅读技巧，快速从文中获取关于奥运会的信息，处理信息，运用信息进行推理、判断的能力。b）培养学生的口头表达能力,使其能够谈论奥运会的历史与发展。
(3)德育目标：a) 情感态度：学习奥运会的知识，培养学生热爱体育运动。学习“更快，更高，更强”的奥运精神，培养学生团体合作、努力拼博、积极向上的精神。b)文化意识：了解奥运会，培养全球意识，认识世界一体化以及国际合作的趋势；通过对比古现代奥运会，加深对奥运会的了解。
3、 教学重点和难点
（1）重点：a) 帮助学生了解奥运会的历史和发展状况；b) 这节课的侧重点是语篇阅读。语篇教学采用整体教学的方法，让学生获取文章的主要信息，激发学生学习英语的主动性和积极性，训练skimming, scanning, careful reading等阅读技能；c)对奥运会所倡导的体育精神进行深层次的理解。
（2）难点：阅读技能的训练。 4．教学辅助工具：（1）奥运金牌（2）多媒体 （3）黑板 （4）卡片
二 、教学方法
教法：
（1）以任务型教学 (Task-based Language Teaching)作为课堂教学设计的理念，具体采用交际教学法（Communicative Approach），整体语言教学法（Whole Language Teaching）等教学方法来初步设计“P—T—P”自主学习立体模式（Pre-task----Task----Post-task）。
（2）在教学中突出交际性，注重读写的实用性；同时适时进行情感与策略调整，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。 （3）坚持“任务为基础，学生为主体，教师为主导”的教学原则。 （4）贯彻“教中学，学中用”策略，真正使学生学以致用。
学法：留给学生一定的自主学习时间，使学生在一定程度上形成自主学习的学习策略，进行有效交际、信息处理，养成英语思维习惯。
三 、教学过程
新课导入
由谈论刘翔在第28届雅典奥运会上获得的奥运金牌导入课文《奥林匹克运动会》。再通过活动使学生谈论对奥运知识的了解。这样通过师生互动，激活主题，激发了学生的学习兴趣，对后面进行本文的阅读做了铺垫和准备。
２、读前问题
通过询问学生“为什么全世界的运动员都想获得更多的金牌?”来激发学生的爱国热忱，为新知识的传授进行热身活动。
3、 新课的讲解（Reading）
阅读课的讲解其实是对不同层次的阅读技能进行训练： 首先是fast reading，
a) skimming，让学生进行跳跃式阅读，找出本文中涉及的时间、数字及相关信息，使学生较全面地了解奥运会的发展历程；b) scanning，教师要求学生快速默读全文，了解课文大意，为下一步找出细节作好铺垫，以此培养他们找寻文章或段落的主题句和概括大意的技能。通过播放录象对全文内容进行梳理，使学生熟悉了解课文细节内容。
4、读后活动
用多媒体展示2个阅读理解问题来检测学生对该阅读课的把握和理解。通过讨论拓展性话题“从这篇课文中你学到了什么？”或“你怎样理解奥运会的宗旨？” 来对课文主题进行升华，使学生在工作、学习和生活中都学习奥运健儿顽强拼搏的精神和爱国主义热情。然后生生互动，进行关于奥运知识的抢答竞赛，通过课堂对学生进行人生观、价值观、世界观的熏陶，整体提高人文素质，使大家都来关心和支持奥运。
5、课文复述与总结
教师通过提供课文结构图,引导学生口头复述课文内容。复述课文是培养学生用英语连贯表达的一种有效的训练手段，而且加深了学生对课文的理解，从而促进他们的口语交际能力和书面表达能力的发展。然后对本堂课所学内容进行小结，对学生的表现进行评价，并对其寄予希望。
6、 作业的布置：
布置学生课后到图书馆或上网去搜寻有关中国北京2008年奥运会的信息并在下一次课上进行讨论，引起学生对北京奥运的关注。
四、 教学板书
教学板书分为两个部分：黑板的正上方为课文标题；左边为课文的结构框架图，上面列出了分段情况和每段中心思想的关键词，使学生对课文的结构一目了然。右面列出了德育渗透的至理名言，力使学生从中受到教育。 总之，通过听说读写的训练，紧抓师生互动，学生为中心的原则，我觉得我已达到我的教学目标。教学中难免有疏漏和不足之处，还请各位老师多多指教。
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